Comparison effect of herbals tea containing fenugreek seed and fennel seed on the signs of breast milk sufficiency in iranian girl infants with 0-4 months of age

Background: Fenugreek and Fennel seed has galactogogues properties due to phytoestrogen structure and can increase the volume of breast milk

Objective: The aim of this study was to comparison the effect of herbals teas containing Fenugreek seed and Fennel seed on the signs of breast milk sufficiency in girl infants with 0-4 months of age

Methods: This study was a triple blind clinical trial with placebo group. 117 mothers with 0-4 month’s girl infants randomly were placed in one of the three groups: herbal tea containing Fenugreek seed powder, herbal tea containing Fennel seed powder and placebo group. Before and during 4 weeks of study, the signs of breast milk sufficiency were evaluated through measurement of weight, height and head circumference and follow-up forms for measuring the number of wet diapers in a day, Frequency of defecation and infant breastfeeding times

Results: Before and after the intervention there was no significant difference in the signs of breast milk sufficiency between Fenugreek and Fennel groups. While before the intervention there was no significant difference in signs of breast milk sufficiency between three groups [P>0.05], but the number of breastfeeding times of placebo group was more than interventions groups [P<0.001]. At the end of fourth week repeated measures analysis showed, Fenugreek and Fennel significantly improved the signs of breast milk sufficiency compared with the placebo group [P<0.001]. But the height growth had no significant difference between the three groups [P=0/094]

Conclusion: Herbals teas of Fenugreek seed and Fennel seed in comparison to placebo group improves the signs of breast milk sufficiency

Spectrophotometric studies using ion-pair formations of Ranitidine hydrochloride in pure and in Pharmaceutical forms with some dyestuff reagents.

Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric procedure is suggested for the determination of ranitidine hydrochloride (RNH) drug in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method was based on the ionpair formations of RNH with different dyestuff reagents such as methyl orange (MO), bromocrysol purple (BCP), eriochrome cyanine R (ECR) and alizaraine red S (ARS). The obtained ion-pairs were measured spectrophotometrically at 408, 420, 330 and 326 nm by using BCP, MO, ECR and ARS reagents, respectively. Beer’s plots were linear in the concentration range of 5-200, 20-350, 10-150 and 10-180 μg mL−1 RNH, with correlation coefficients not less than 0.9991, 0.9996, 0.9993 and 0.999 using BCP, MO, ECR and ARS reagents, respectively. The Sandell sensitivity was found to be 0.813, 0.462, 0.541and 0.630 μg cm−2 for BCP, MO, ECR and ARS, respectively. Standard deviation (SD = 0.024-0.028, 0.018-0.023, 0.016-0.021 and 0.023–0.029) and relative standard deviation (RSD% = 0.123-0.943, 0.0102-0.82, 0.118-0.145 and 0.132-0.178%) (n = 4) values using BCP, MO, ECR and ARS reagents, respectively, were obtained. These results were also confirmed with percent recovery of 99.78–100.52%, 99.86-101.12%, 99.82–100.31% and 100.18-101.25 % for BCP, MO, ECR and ARS reagents, respectively. This method was successfully applied for determination of RNH in aciloc tablet. The calculated t- and F- values (95% confidence limit) indicate no significant differences between the proposed and official methods.

Oral ivermectin as a therapeutic agent in patients with scabies

To evaluate oral Ivermectin as a therapeutic agent to ordinary scabies. Random sample of 50 cases of ordinary scabies were treated with two oral doses of Ivermectin, 200 micro g/kg one week apart. The effect of drug was monitored clinically, by complete blood count, and confirmed parasitologically at the time of clinical presentation and at week4 of starting treatment. ELISA and Immunobloting using Sarcoptes scabiei crude mite extract was used to determine the levels of specific IgG and IgE in patients sera in comparison with 50 controls. The reported cure rate was 100%. However, 8% of cases presented with persistent itching, accompanying eosionophilia and high IgE levels. Ivermectin proved to be effective and promising drug for treatment of ordinary scabies

Epidemiological features of child abuse among a sample of preparatory school-children in Benha city

Child abuse is a world wide phenomenon and had become a major concern in many countries throughout the world. The problem was found to be serious for many children due to its toxic outcomes for children and society. To identify the prevalence rate of child abuse and its epidemiological features among a sample of preparatory school children in Benha city. This is a cross-sectional study was carried out at preparatory schools of Benha city during the academic year 2006-2007. Three hundred thirty students were selected by systematic random method from the chosen schools. Data was collected by using self administrated questionnaire that included socio-demographic characteristics and child traumatic questionnaire. The study revealed that 75.8% of the studied group had exposed to child abuse and 28.6% of females were not exposed to abuse versus 19.4% among male students. Combined form of abuse [28.4%], emotional [24%] and physical abuse [20.4%] were the more prevailing types. Only 10.1% of students belonging to low social class had not exposed to child abuse and students belonging to married parents had recorded the higher percentage [28.5%] of absence of abuse among them. Students belonging to below secondary school graduated fathers had exposed to combined form of abuse [24.3%], emotional abuse [21.8%] and physical abuse [16.3%] with frequencies higher than that recorded among students belonging to university graduated fathers. More than half of abused children [51.6%] had exposed to abuse at homes followed by those at schools [27.2%]. it could be concluded that child abuse and neglect is a big problem among prep school children because the prevalence rate in the study sample is 75.8% and there are many risk factors had shared in its Prevailing. National program is needed to prevent all forms of child abuse for all children and to control the problem through intervention strategies directed to parents, children, health care professionals, school staff and governmental and non governmental organizations to show how to prevent, diagnose and cope with the problem

[ effect of different surface cleaning methods on shear bond strength of porcelain to immediately sealed dentin]

Statement of Problem: There is a probability of interaction between impression materials especially Polyether with the external surface of the adhesive layer of the immediately sealed dentin in the presence of oxygen inhibited layer

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three different surface cleaning methods on the shear bond strength of porcelain to the immediately sealed dentin

Methods and Material: In this in-vitro study, the facial surfaces of 60 extracted premolars were immediately sealed, using single-bond adhesive. Then, the immediately sealed dentin surfaces were buried in the polyether impression material while setting. After the impression materials were removed, the samples were randomly divided into 4 groups. In group 1, porcelain samples were bonded to the teeth surfaces using resin cement without any surface cleaning. In groups 2, 3 and 4, surface cleaning using acid etche, air abrasion and pumice with rubber cup prophylaxis were applied respectively for each group before bonding the porcelain samples. Shear bond strength test was performed at the strain rate of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey posthoc tests

Results: There were significant differences between the shear bond strength of the control group and the three surface cleaning method groups [p <0.001]. The mean of the shear bond strength in the acid etch group was greater than that of the two other experimental groups; however, there were no significant differences between the three surface cleaning methods [p = 0.5]

Conclusion: Surface cleaning of immediately sealed dentin using acid etche, air abrasion and prophylaxis, after impression with polyether, significantly improves the strength of the bond

Maternity and neonatal nurses' believes about colostrum

Breast-feeding is one of the most important contributors of neonatal, infant and child health, growth and development. Its benefits are greatly enhanced if breast -feeding starts within one hour after birth, with no pre-lacteal feeds. Early breast-feeding allows the baby to enjoy the benefits of colostrum and prevents many infant feeding problems. The maternity and neonatal nurse should know the believes of the women about colostrum and should have a positive attitude towards it. This study aims to explore maternity and neonatal nurses' believes about colostrum. The study was conducted at postnatal department of El-Shatby Maternity University Hospital in Alexandria. Subjects of the study were staff nurses working at the previously mentioned setting. A questionnaire sheet was used for data collection and a likert type- scale form of three continuum [agree, not sure and disagree] was adopted The results of this study revealed that, the younger the age, the less level of education and the fewer years of experience are associated with more negative believes about colostrum

Pharmaceutical and clinical study of tretinoin from different dermatological formulations

Tretinoin can be used in the treatment of a variety of skin diseases, depending on its concentration. Formulations containing 0.05% tretinoin have been used in acne vulgaris. An important objective of this study was to show the fact that using hydrophilic gels [formula I] or emollient cream [formula II] as topical formulation containing 0.05% tretinoin improves clinical efficacy while potentially reducing local irritation traditionally associated with the commercially available topical tretinoin product [formula III]. The gel samples studied were formulations of 0.05% tretinoin in carbopol 940 [a synthetic polymer, formula Ia], sodium carboxymethylcellulose [a semisynthetic polymer, formula Ib], and carbogum [a natural polymer, formula Ic]. Emollient cream is a mixture of polyoxyethylene [2] stearyl ether as surfactant, cetostearyl alcohol as cosurfactant, liquid paraffin and white petrolatum as an oil phase. The aqueous phase contains preservative and 60% water. Evaluations of the suggested formulae were performed through stability studies, rheological measurements, pH determination and tretinoin assay spectrophotometrically. In-vitro permeation study was also done in hydroalcoholic solution [50:50] using Nephrophan dialysis membrane. The gel preparation with the highest diffusion rate was submitted to clinical investigation in comparison to the prepared cream as well as the commercial one. Such clinical attempt was made on 18 patients with mild to moderate acne for a period of 12 weeks regarding the clinical efficacy and the degree of reducing adverse effects. The formulations studied showed both good chemical and physical stabilities when submitted to rheological determinations, pH measurements and drug assay through out a 6-mounth period. The hydrophilic gel formulations as well as the emollient cream exhibited better release profiles if compared with the commercial cream. This fact is reflected on the clinical results as both the gel and emollient cream significantly improved therapeutic response at all evaluation time intervals together with much less erythema and burning if compared to the commercial one. But the gel form gave the most distinct results

effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength of composite resin core to carbon fiber posts

Carbon fiber posts are widely used in dentistry. The most problem is their low bond strength with composite resin utilized as core. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the tensile bond strength of composite resin core to carbon fiber posts. Thirty six posts free of defects, were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups and treated as follows: Group 1: No treatment [control]. Group2: Surface treatment with Single Bond Group3: Surface treatment with Sandblast + Single Bond Group4: Surface treatment with Sandblast + Silane + Single Bond. A cylindrical composite resin core [5x5x5 mm] was built around each post using Z100. Post-core assemblies were tested for tensile failure by Instron testing machine at a cross-head speed of 10 mm/min. The bond strength was assessed by Newton [N]. The tensile bond strength were respectively, Group 1: 262.33 +/- 23.37N, Group 2: 522.77 +/- 37.33N, Group 3: 613.50 +/- 39.93N, Group 4: 641.00 +/- 43.35N. ANOVA and Scheffe test showed that group I was the least retentive group of all [p<0.05], and group 3 and group 4 were significantly more retentive than group 2 [p<0.05].There was no significant difference between group 3 and group 4. The surface treatment of carbon fiber posts significantly improved their retention to composite resin